Acetate Fiber
History
The production method was discovered by Poul Schutyenberger in 1869. Acetate may also be called Cellulose Acetate, which belongs to the modified cellulose fiber family, of which there are two types
: acetate and triacetate. It differs from synthetic cellulose fiber (rayon) in both its
chemical composition and production process. A noticeable distinguishing property is that rayon fibers have properties similar
to cellulose fiber, while acetate fibers have properties closer to chemically synthesized fibers. Acetate fiber
refers to fiber produced from cellulose acetate.
Properties of Acetate Fabric
Physical Properties of the Fiber
Acetate fiber is a polymer made up of Cellulose Acetate submolecules, with a Degree of Polymerization of 350-400
1. Shape
Under a microscope, the longitudinal view shows parallel edges with long lines running parallel to the edges.
The cross-section is not round, appearing tufted or serrated all around.
2. Tenacity
Acetate has relatively low tenacity compared to other fiber types, namely
a tenacity of 1.2-1.5 grams per denier. When wet, tenacity drops to only 0.9 grams per denier.
3. Elasticity
Acetate fiber has an Elastic Recovery of 100% when stretched
by only 1%, and this value decreases progressively as it is stretched further. For example, if stretched 4%, the Elastic
Recovery value drops to only 48-65%.
4. Moisture Absorption
It can absorb moisture at a standard condition of 6.5, and in dry air it can build up static electricity.
5. Heat Resistance
Since acetate fiber belongs to the group of
thermoplastic fibers, if exposed to heat above 177°C, the fiber will soften and melt into a liquid
similar to plastic. At higher temperatures it will burn, leaving a hard, round black ash with a smell resembling vinegar.
If the fiber is exposed to sunlight for a long time, its strength will decrease.
6. Resilience
Acetate fabric has good resilience properties—the fabric doesn't wrinkle easily and can be permanently pleated.
Chemical Properties of the Fiber
Concentrated acids are harmful to acetate fiber, reducing its strength and
causing it to break. Alkalis, on the other hand, cause the fiber to lose weight and softness.
Acetate dissolves in acetate phenol and chloroform, and is not resistant to chlorine bleach,
as it damages dyed colors and reduces the fiber's strength. If bleaching is needed, use
Oxygen Bleach (H2O2) instead.
Biological Properties of the Fiber
Since its properties are very close to those of synthetic fibers, it has good resistance to moths, insects, and mildew.
Uses
Fabric made from acetate fiber is considered a beautiful fabric with a lustrous appearance
similar to silk. It can be produced as both thick and thin fabric, soft or fairly stiff, and can be cleaned by either
washing or dry cleaning. It should not be wrung hard, as this may cause the fiber to weaken and
break sooner than expected, and wrinkles that form can be slow to fade. Acetate fiber is usually
produced blended with other fiber types,
such as nylon or polyester. Acetate fabric is used for women's and men's clothing, and for crafts, such as household
items, and more.
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